Acoustic 2-D Full-Waveform Inversion with Non-Balanced Finite differences and Adaptive Weight Decay Methods

Full waveform inversion (FWI) is a powerful seismic imaging technique that aims to achieve high -resolution subsurface models by iteratively comparing recorded seismic waveforms with modeled waveforms. The success of FWI relies on the precision of forward modeling algorithms and the effectiveness of optimization strategies. In this study, we propose a FWI methodology that leverages non -balanced staggered -grid finite differences schemes (NBFD) in the forward modeling process. By employing operators with spatial differencing of varying lengths, these schemes enhance the efficiency of forward modeling. For the optimization process, we employ adaptive gradient -based optimization with weight decay, a widelyused approach in machine learning and deep learning algorithms for model training. These methods demonstrate efficient optimization processing for large data volumes with high precision. The objective of adaptive gradientbased optimization is to dynamically adjust the update rate model parameters during the iterative process. This facilitates improved convergence speed, enhances stability, and overcomes challenges associated with traditional fixed-rate adjustment methods. To ensure accurate inversion results and avoid local minima in the cost function minimization, we implement a Multiscaling inversion strategy within the workflow. The obtained results are compared with those achieved through conventional FWI using standard staggered finite differences and various optimization methods. Our findings demonstrate that employing non -balanced staggered -grid finite differences scheme leads to significant improvements compared to the previously reported results in the literature.