Aquatic macroinvertebrates in springs of the Copalita River sub-basin, Oaxaca, Mexico

Freshwater ecosystems are exposed to anthropogenic pressures that alter the environment and influence macroinvertebrate communities. The objective of this research was to estimate the taxonomic diversity of aquatic macroinvertebrates in springs of two micro-watersheds belonging to the Copalita river sub-basin, to determine the structure and conservation of the springs. The study was conducted in May 2022 in eight springs. The collection of aquatic macroinvertebrates was carried out using a D-type net. Shannon and Wiener's diversity index (H'), Simpson's diversity index (lambda), Jaccard's similarity index (IJ), Pielou's evenness index (J'), richness (S), and dominance (D), were calculated. The correlation between variables was determined using Spearman's Rho (p <= 0,05), cluster analysis of the index and Jaccard's similarity percentage. The springs studied are of the helocrene and rheocrene type; the site with the greatest diversity was Arroyo Guajolote, characterized by less disturbance at its source and is not used for human supply. A management plan is needed to conserve these ecosystems and thus guarantee the quality of environmental services provided.