Grazing-sliding bifurcation induced extreme large-intensity pulses in CO2 laser

We report the formation of extreme large-intensity pulses in an optically modulated CO2 laser. The sudden unexpected surge from the bounded chaotic motion into occasional expansions occurred in the system, which is rare but appears in an infrequent time interval. The CO2 laser exhibits unforeseen extreme pulses owing to the dynamical process of grazing-sliding bifurcation. To acquire a deeper understanding of its intricate dynamics, we have performed various comprehensive dynamical and statistical analyses that elucidate the transition of extreme pulses, and their emerging mechanisms. In addition, we have presented a prior anticipation technique of rare large-intensity pulses that will be shedding into the light for some specific applications.