Virtual reality-based reminiscence therapy for older adults to improve psychological well-being and cognition: A systematic review

BackgroundVirtual reality-reminiscence therapy (VR-RT) has increasingly been applied to older adults to improve psychological well-being and cognition.ObjectiveThis review aims to identify (1) the design characteristics of conducting a VR-RT and (2) the effects of VR-RT on the user experience, cognitive outcomes and psychological well-being.DesignSystematic review.MethodsEligible studies were sourced across nine electronic databases, trial registries, grey literature and hand-searching of the reference list. A narrative synthesis was conducted. Twenty-two studies were included, and most were appraised as high quality. Most of the VR-RTs were highly immersive and personalised, with participants having the autonomy of control. VR-RT has the potential to improve anxiety and depression, and cognitive outcomes for older adults. Overall, VR-RT was reported to be an enjoyable experience for older adults.ConclusionsVR-RT is a promising innovation that can improve older adults' psychological well-being and cognition without significant side effects, including cybersickness and with the potential for scalability across various settings. More randomised controlled studies are needed to evaluate the effectiveness of VR-RT and its features and treatment dosage. These studies could also examine the effectiveness of VR-RT as an intervention to promote independence in activities of daily living and physical rehabilitation.Relevance to Clinical PracticeVR-RT is a promising intervention for older adults in community settings to enhance psychological well-being and cognition. VR's versatility enables personalised experiences within dynamic virtual environments, possibly enhancing engagement and therapeutic outcomes.No Patient or Public ContributionThis systematic review did not directly involve patient or public contribution to the manuscript.