Effect of nonpharmacological interventions on nutrition status, complications and quality of life in head and neck cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy: A systematic review and meta-analysis

PurposeTo evaluate the effect of nonpharmacological therapies on nutrition status, complications and quality of life in head and neck cancer patients and to provide a basis for clinical practice.MethodsThis systematic review was reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis statement. Ten databases were systematically searched for all available articles from construction to November 2023. Two researchers independently conducted literature screening, data extraction and quality evaluation. Cochrane Review Manager 5.3 was used for meta-analysis.ResultsFinally, 27 RCT studies including 2814 patients with head and neck cancer were included. Five categories of interventions were used: nutritional support, exercise, swallowing function training, psychological intervention and low-level laser therapy. Nonpharmacological interventions can improve body weight loss in patients with HNC at the end of treatment (MD: 1.66 kg; 95% CI: 0.80 to 2.51), and subgroup analysis showed that nutritional support, psychological intervention and low-level laser therapy were effective. Nonpharmacological interventions can also ameliorate decreases in BMI (MD: 0.71; 95% CI: 0.16 to 1.26) and reduce the incidence of malnutrition (RR: 0.76; 95% CI: 0.67 to 0.86), oral mucositis (RR: 0.54; 95% CI: 0.37 to 0.80) and gastrointestinal complications (RR: 0.61; 95% CI: 0.38 to 0.96) during radiotherapy; however, no significant differences were found in other complications and quality of life.ConclusionNonpharmacological interventions can improve the nutrition status of patients with head and neck cancer and reduce the incidence of severe oral mucositis and gastrointestinal complications during radiotherapy but have no significant impact on quality of life.