Research on enhancement of mental rotation ability based on transcranial direct current stimulation

经颅直流电刺激（tDCS）是一种非侵入性弱电流脑刺激技术，其主要是根据电极刺激极性不同使神经元的激活阈值不同，从而调节大脑皮层的兴奋性。本文将健康受试者随机分为三组：阳极刺激组、阴极刺激组和伪刺激组，每组 5 名受试者。然后，记录三组受试者刺激前和刺激后测试心理旋转能力的绩效数据，并采集静息态和任务态脑电数据。最后，通过对比分析三组受试者的行为学数据和脑电数据，探索经过不同极性的电刺激对三维心理旋转能力的影响。研究结果发现，阳极刺激组受试者正确反应时/正确率、正确率绩效水平均高于阴极刺激组和伪刺激组，并且差异有统计学意义（ P < 0.05）；alpha 波功率分析，发现心理旋转主要激活脑区有额叶、中央区、顶叶和枕叶；阳极刺激组，alpha 波功率在额叶和枕叶发生显著变化（ P < 0.05）。本文结果表明，阳极刺激组在一定程度上能够提升受试者的心理旋转能力，本文研究结果可以为进一步研究 tDCS 对心理旋转能力的作用机制提供重要的理论支持。.; Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive low-current brain stimulation technique, which is mainly based on the different polarity of electrode stimulation to make the activation threshold of neurons different, thereby regulating the excitability of the cerebral cortex. In this paper, healthy subjects were randomly divided into three groups: anodal stimulation group, cathodal stimulation group and sham stimulation group, with 5 subjects in each group. Then, the performance data of the three groups of subjects were recorded before and after stimulation to test their mental rotation ability, and resting state and task state electroencephalogram (EEG) data were collected. Finally, through comparative analysis of the behavioral data and EEG data of the three groups of subjects, the effect of electrical stimulation of different polarities on the three-dimensional mental rotation ability was explored. The results of the study found that the correct response time/accuracy rate and the accuracy rate performance of the anodal stimulation group were higher than those of the cathodal stimulation and sham stimulation groups, and there was a significant difference ( P < 0.05). The alpha wave power analysis found that the mental rotation mainly activates the frontal lobe, central area, parietal lobe and occipital lobe. In the anodal stimulation group, the alpha wave power changed significantly in the frontal lobe and occipital lobe ( P < 0.05). The results of this paper show that anodal stimulation group can improve the mental rotation ability of the subjects to a certain extent. The results of this paper can provide important theoretical support for further research on the mechanism of tDCS on mental rotation ability.