Development of Technological, Pedagogical, and Content Knowledge Learning Models Based on Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) Geography Teachers in West Sumatera

The 2013 Curriculum emphasizes the importance of incorporating ICT to improve learning effectiveness. One framework that is useful in this context is TPACK, which stands for Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge. This research aims to examine the ability of geography teachers to utilize TPACK and to support teachers in implementing technology-based learning models with the guidance of 21st-century education. One specific type of online learning platform that can be used in this context is MOOC or Massive Open Online Course. The research employed a development research methodology and used the ADDIE model. The sample for need analysis consisted of 30 geography teachers from SMA/MA schools in West Sumatra, with the experiment school being SMA Negeri 1 Pariaman and SMA Negeri 1 Bukittingi. The results of the research indicate that the development of a TPACK-based MOOC learning model for SMA/MA Geography teachers in West Sumatra is both feasible and appropriate. This model effectively helped teachers to integrate the three main aspects of learning, namely content, pedagogy, and technology. The results of the geography teacher TPACK mapping show that the teachers are in the medium category. The implementation of the TPACK-based MOOC learning model also showed an increase in learning outcomes, with an N-gain score of 0.71 at SMA Negeri 1 Pariaman and 0.62 at SMA Negeri 1 Bukittinggi. The teachers and students involved in the study reported that the use of TPACK and MOOC learning facilitated asynchronous learning and virtual learning.