Anaerobic co-digestion of municipal organic solid waste: Achievements and perspective

One of the biggest problems that people confront in the 21st century is energy insecurity and global climate change. Carbon-neutral technologies are becoming more essential to fulfill global energy demands. The biochemical method used by anaerobic digestion (AD) process to produce biogas could transform complex municipal organic solid waste (MOSW) into a clean, sustainable energy source. In recent studies of AD, anaerobic co-digestion (AcoD) has gained widespread attention since it often produces a higher biogas yield than single-substrate digestion. This manuscript closes such gap by identifying the drawbacks of single substrate digestion associated with system optimization and feedstock properties as well as carefully analyzing the advantages of AcoD. Additionally, this article reviews the microbial population composition, synergistic impact of various co-feedstocks, and methane forecasting using several mathematical models. The limitations and potential outcomes of producing methane from MOSW are also addressed to enhance the effectiveness of the AcoD process. © 2022 Elsevier Ltd