In Situ Hydrogen Bonding-Mediated Self-Synthesis of Graphene-Coated SnO2 as Anode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries

Tin(IV) oxide (SnO2) has been recognized as the next frontier in innovative anode materials, set to revolutionize lithium-ion batteries. Anticipated to replace graphite anodes, SnO2 boasts an ideal capacity of 782 mAh g(-1) and an appropriate operating potential conducive to advanced battery technology. Nonetheless, the challenges posed by volume expansion and intricate synthesis route of Sn-based anode materials have impeded their commercial viability. Herein, SnO2@graphene nanoparticles are synthesized through hydrogen bonding-mediated self-assembly process, utilizing polyethylene glycol (PEG) and tin tetrachloride as starting materials. The resultant nanoparticles exhibit uniform distribution, forming a sandwich structure with graphene. Sample SP-0.3, obtained by incorporating 6 g of PEG, demonstrates remarkable capacity for reversible energy storage. It retains a capacity of 703.1 mAh g(-1) even after 900 cycles at a current density of 0.5 A g(-1). Coupled with the straightforward, convenient, and expeditious preparation method, the proposed technique positions the composite material as an invaluable candidate for commercialization.