Xerostomia: Current advancements and insights in biomedical and biotechnology research

Xerostomia, commonly referred to as dry mouth, is a medical condition where the flow of saliva in the mouth is reduced or completely absent. Xerostomia is not categorized as a particular disease entity but is a symptom associated with decreased or lack of salivary secretion. Its effects on oral health and overall well-being can be significant and it can be caused by various factors such as medication use, radiation therapy, surgery, salivary gland problems, and other underlying medical conditions. A health-care professional typically diagnoses xerostomia by evaluating a patient's symptoms and conducting a physical clinical exam. The patient's medical and medication history may also be reviewed to identify any potential underlying causes. Decreased salivary secretion can make chewing, breaking up the food and the formation of a food bolus difficult, which increases the risk of incorrect swallowing as well as altered taste and can contribute to the experience of dysphagia. It is crucial for individuals experiencing xerostomia to seek medical attention from a health-care professional to determine the underlying cause and develop a suitable management plan. Xerostomia represents a serious problem with medical and dental implications. The search for related articles was conducted through databases including PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar. This comprehensive review article offers the latest insights into the origins, diagnosis, and treatment of xerostomia, with a particular focus on prevention. In addition, it recognizes the significant impact of innovative approaches in addressing xerostomia and highlights their valuable contribution to its management.