SparGNN: Efficient Joint Feature-Model Sparsity Exploitation in Graph Neural Network Acceleration

With the rapid explosion in both graph scale and model size, accelerating graph neural networks (GNNs) at scale encounters significant pressure on computation and memory footprint. Exploiting data sparsity with pruning, which exhibits remarkable effect in deep neural networks (DNNs), while still lags behind in GNN acceleration. This is because costly pruning overhead upon large graphs and inefficient hardware support will eclipse the benefit of GNN sparsification. To this end, this paper proposes SparGNN, an algorithm and accelerator co-design that can efficiently exploit data sparsity in both features and models to speedup GNN acceleration while reserving its accuracy. In algorithm, to reduce the overhead of iterative pruning, we distill a sparsified subgraph to substitute the original input graph for pruning, which can low-costly excavate the potential data sparsity in both features and models without accuracy compromise. In hardware, to improve data locality of the sparsified feature-weight multiplication, we design compressed row-/column-wise product dataflow for efficient feature updating. We then propose lightweight hardware changes to make our design applicable to conventional GNN accelerators. The experimental results show that compared to the state-of-the-art GNN accelerators, SparGNN reduces 1.5 similar to 4.3x computation and gains an average of 1.8 similar to 6.8x speedup with 1.4 similar to 9.2x energy efficiency improvement.