An analysis of fertility and fecundity in the Australian sheep flock between 2006 and 2019

After decades of decline, the Australian sheep flock aspires to rebuild its population of breeding ewes. A successful, rebuild will rely on high pregnancy rates and number of lambs born and reared. To examine this potential, a cross-sectional study of historical ultrasound pregnancy scanning records was undertaken using records collated from two experienced sheep pregnancy scanning businesses (years 2006 to 2019) from 15,397 mobs of ewes, totalling 7,443,314 ewes. Client details were de-identified and excluded from analyses, but details describing the mobs were retained when available, such as season of mating, production zone, ewe age, and breed. The key finding was a mean pregnancy rate (ewes pregnant per ewe scanned) of 0.76 +/- 0.24, with a median of 0.83. Mobs scanned to identify fetal number had a higher mean (0.84 +/- 0.15) and median (0.89) pregnancy rate. The mean reproduction rate (fetuses per ewe scanned) was 1.21 +/- 0.27 and the median was 1.25. Differences were observed between the factors including age, breed, season, year or production zone but all results were lower than anticipated. The unexpected findings imply a problem exists with the fertility of many Australian sheep flocks.