Associations of physical activity and physical education enjoyment with self-concept domains among Hungarian adolescents

Background Sport enjoyment is one of the most important factors in physical activity (PA) and physical education (PE) domains. It is not only beneficial for regular participation but also has a positive effect on mental health. Due to these benefits, this study aims to understand the relationships between PA, two forms of enjoyment, and the dimension of self-concept. Methods The sample consisted of 315 students (M-age=12.63). The Self-Description Questionnaire-I was used to measure the domains of self-concept. Enjoyment was measured with two scales. The Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale reflects extracurricular PA enjoyment, and the Factors Influencing Enjoyment of Physical Education Questionnaire reflects school PE enjoyment. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire was used to assess vigorous, moderate, and walking types of extracurricular PA enjoyment. Results Hierarchical multivariate regression analysis revealed that vigorous PA predicted physical ability (beta = 0.19) and physical appearance (beta = 0.15). PA enjoyment was a significant predictor of general self-concept (beta = 0.29), physical ability (beta = 0.28), physical appearance (beta = 0.16), peer relation (beta = 0.16), and parental relations (beta = 0.14). PE enjoyment significantly predicted general school (beta = 0.17), physical ability (beta = 0.27), peer relations (beta = 0.21) and parental relations (beta = 0.22). Furthermore, boys scored at a higher level on most of self-concept domains. Conclusions The present study suggested that enjoyment plays a more important role in self-concept than PA. PE enjoyment mainly strengthens boys' self-concept, but PA enjoyment is an important predictor of general self-concept in both genders. It is concluded that extracurricular PA enjoyment is beneficial, but increasing enjoyment of physical education could increase girls' self-concepts as well.