Epidemiology and Definition of Heart Failure in Adult Congenital Heart Disease

Based on the available information, HF seems to be prevalent in people with ACHD, with a lifetime incidence of at least 30% in those with complex CHD. HF is one of the leading causes of death in this group and its prevalence is increasing as patients age. As more people with complex heart disease live longer and the ACHD population in general increases, the potential for an outbreak of HF in this population is a looming concern. To gain a full understanding, continued efforts are needed to accurately assess the incidence and prevalence of HF in different age groups and across the spectrum of ACHD. It is worth noting that existing data may not fully capture the current needs of ACHD patients, particularly in the modern era of improved ACHD management and surgical expertise. Furthermore, the advent of interventional techniques may facilitate early hemodynamic correction, thereby avoiding some of the documented long -term complications, including HF. Therefore, collaborative initiatives to collect contemporary data on the incidence and prevalence of HF in patients with ACHD are imperative. Improving the identification of high -risk patients, early detection practices, and anticipation of novel therapeutic opportunities are urgent imperatives to prevent a severe escalation of HF-related morbidity and mortality in this specific population.