Calibrating the Digital Twin of a Laboratory Ball Mill for Copper Ore Milling: Integrating Computer Vision and Discrete Element Method and Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (DEM-SPH) Simulations

This article presents a novel approach to calibrating the digital twin of a laboratory mill used for copper ore milling. By integrating computer vision techniques for real-time data extraction and employing DualSPHysics simulations for various milling scenarios, including balls only, balls with ore, and balls with slurry, we achieve a high degree of accuracy in matching the digital twin's behavior with actual mill operations. The calibration process is detailed for mills with three different diameters, highlighting the adjustments in simulation parameters necessary to account for the absence of ore. Understanding the dynamics between the suspension within the mill and the operation of the grinders is crucial for the future improvement of the grinding process. This knowledge paves the way for optimizing the process, not only in terms of the quality of the end product but primarily in terms of energy efficiency. A profound understanding of these interactions will enable engineers and technologists to design mills and grinding processes in a way that maximizes efficiency while minimizing energy consumption.