Effect of royal jelly on chronic liver and kidney damage induced by cadmium chloride in rats

Forty eight rats were used to evaluate the protective effect of royal jelly (RJ) against chronic liver and kidney damage induced by cadmium chloride (CdCl2). In the histopathology of the CdCl2 group, the findings of inflammation and necrosis in liver sections, inflammation in kidney sections, proximal tubule degeneration and adiposity in the glomerulus were similar to the histopathological findings in the CdCl2 + RJ group. In immunohistochemical staining, it was determined that Caspase-3, Iba-1, KIM -1 and Tnf-a immunoreactivities in the liver and kidney tissue sections of the CdCl2-only group (Group III) were significantly increased compared to the control groups (Groups I, II). In the CdCl2 + RJ applied group (Group IV), Caspase-3, Iba-1, KIM -1 and TNF-alpha immunoreactivities were observed to be partially reduced compared to the CdCl2 (Group III) group. It was determined that AST, ALT, glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol and creatinine levels increased in the CdCl2 group and decreased in the CdCl2 + RJ group. While MDA levels increased in the group given only CdCl2 (Group III) compared to the control groups (Groups I, II), GSH levels decreased. In the CdCl2 + RJ group (Group IV), it was determined that MDA levels decreased and GSH levels increased compared to the CdCl2 (Group III) group. While the amounts of cadmium, zinc, copper, iron, magnesium and calcium in the liver tissue homogenates increased significantly in the CdCl2 group, it was observed that they decreased numerically in the CdCl2 + RJ group. This result shows that royal jelly application against CdCl2 toxicity does not prevent liver and kidney tissue damage, but can bring serum biochemical parameters, lipid peroxidation and trace element levels closer to control group levels.