Discovering the meaning of contemporary urban squares for its users-a case study of Poznan, Poland

The study aims to identify the meanings of urban squares that operate in the minds of their users. Three research methods were used for the study: in-depth individual interviews with ten city square users, a survey using the Computer Assisted Web Interview (CAWI) technique, and an observational study. The qualitative material collected was transcribed and analyzed using NVivo software. The results of the survey were statistically analyzed using SPSS software. The survey results suggest that urban squares are considered in two categories: administrative (in terms of official names that function in documents) and mental (in terms of certain perceptions of squares). Factors that play a role in distinguishing a square from the urban structure are (1) its physical characteristics, (2) its location in the urban structure, and (3) the activities that can be carried out there. The study identified 11 meanings of urban squares. These meanings can co-occur in different configurations. They may also change over time due to spatial changes (temporary or permanent). For most survey participants, using urban squares is important or very important. However, responses in this regard vary significantly by age. The statements of the youngest respondents, between 18 and 39 years of age, are of particular concern. These people were most likely to state that the use of this type of space is unimportant or indifferent to them, which could be a harbinger of a crisis. It is necessary to conduct further research in this area and extend it to other types of urban public spaces.