Aquaporin LjNIP1;5 positively modulates drought tolerance by promoting arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis in Lotus japonicus

Drought stress often affects crop growth and even causes crop death, while aquaporins can maintain osmotic balance by transporting water across membranes, so it is important to study how to improve drought tolerance of crops by using aquaporins. In this work, we characterize a set of subfamily members named NIPs belonging to the family of aquaporins in Lotus japonicus , grouping 14 family members based on the sequence similarity in the aromatic/arginine (Ar/R) region. Among these members, LjNIP1;5 is one of the genes with the highest expression in roots which is induced by the AM fungus. In Lotus japonicus, LjNIP1;5 is highly expressed in symbiotic roots, and its promoter can be induced by drought stress and AM fungus. Root colonization analysis reveals that ljnip1:5 mutant exhibits lower mycorrhizal colonization than the wild type, with increasing the proportion of large arbuscule, and fewer arbuscule produced by symbiosis under drought stress. In the LjNIP1;5 OE plant, we detected a strong antioxidant capacity compared to the control, and LjNIP1;5 OE showed higher stem length under drought stress. Taken together, the current results facilitate our comprehensive understanding of the plant adaptive to drought stress with the coordination of the specific fungi.