Review and Countermeasures on Frequency Security Issues of Power Systems With High Shares of Renewables and Power Electronics

In the low carbon transition of the energy system, the shares of renewable energy and power electronics in power systems are rapidly increasing. High shares of renewable energy and power electronics (High-RE-PE) significantly challenge the frequency security of power systems. In this paper, four new features of power system frequency response brought by High-RE-PE characteristics were first analyzed: the scarcity of conventional frequency regulation resources, differentiation of the spatio-temporal frequency distribution, diversification of frequency control methods, and complexity of frequency dynamics. Then, three mainstream frequency response analysis methods: time-domain simulation method, analytical model analysis method and machine learning method, were compared. On this basis, this paper analyzed the new technological progress of improving the frequency response characteristic of High-RE-PE power systems from five aspects: inverter control, under-frequency load shedding, DC power mutual support, system scheduling and ancillary market design. Finally, the frequency security issue of future High-RE-PE power systems was summarized and prospected. © 2022 Chin. Soc. for Elec. Eng.