Phthalocyanine-Based Photosensitizers for Photodynamic Antibacterial Therapy

Bacterial infection poses a grave peril to human existence and well-being, particularly with the emergence of drug-resistant bacteria, leading to an alarming rise in the incidence of severe illness and mortality. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has emerged as one of the most promising strategies for combating bacterial infections due to its potent bactericidal efficacy and non-inducement of resistance. The development of novel photosensitizers represents a viable approach to further enhance the efficacy of aPDT. Hence, the structural design and application strategies of phthalocyanine-based photosensitizers were summarized to provide guidance in the development of highly efficient aPDT agents. The water solubility and intermolecular aggregation of phthalocyanine photosensitizers limit their antimicrobial properties. The modification of cationic groups, self-assembly into nanoparticles, loading of nanoparticles, and integration into polymer materials can enhance their antibacterial activity. image