【Objective】In this study, an assessment framework for forest fire spread risk (including occurrence hazard, spread hazard, and spread risk) was established, to carry out multi-scale (subcompartment, village, township) forest fire spread risk assessment in Yanqing District of Beijing based on GIS technology. The study aims to provide a basis for forest fire management in Yanqing District, which could minimize the occurrence hazard of forest fire and the loss caused by the spread of forest fire. 【Method】Based on the subcompartment data of the 2019 forest resources second-class survey, forest fuel data, population data, 30-meter resolution digital elevation data and meteorological data, the forest fire occurrence hazard assessment index system was constructed from two aspects: difficulty in wildfire sources management and ease degree of ignition. The forest fire spread hazard assessment index system was constructed from four aspects of forest fuel, meteorological factor, topographic factor and fire behavior. The subjective and objective weighting method of AHP and entropy weight method were used to determine the index weight, and the weighted comprehensive evaluation method and the area weighted average method were used to calculate the multi-scale occurrence hazard and spread hazard index. According to the natural break point classification method, the grade is divided. Based on the risk assessment framework of “hazard-exposure-vulnerability”, the forest fire spread risk was evaluated from two aspects of destroying forest resources and threatening life safety.【Result】1) The comprehensive weight of difficulty in wildfire sources management reached 0.771 3, which was the main factor affecting the forest fire occurrence hazard. The comprehensive weight of fire behavior was 0.403 2, which was the main factor affecting the forest fire spread hazard. 2) The forest fire occurrence hazard in Yanqing district gradually decreased from plain to mountainous area, and the high occurrence hazard areas accounted for 0.89%, 0.52% and 7.48% in subcompartment, village and township scales, respectively, mainly distributed in the plain area around the urban area. The spread hazard gradually increased from plain to mountainous area, and the high spread hazard areas accounted for 46.19%, 58.73% and 35.67% respectively in subcompartment, village and township scales, mainly distributed in two western forest farms (Badaling Forest Farm and Songshan Forest Farm) and two eastern mountainous towns (Qianjiadian Town and Zhenzhuquan Township). 3) The forest fire spread risk (forest resource) in Yanqing district was not extremely high risk area in subcompartment, village and township scales, and the medium-high risk areas accounted for 0.80%, 2.85% and 1.79% in subcompartment, village and township scales, respectively. The forest fire spread risk (population) was had no extremely high or medium-high risk areas in village and township scales. There were no extremely high risk areas in subcompartment, only 9 medium-high risk areas in subcompartment, and the medium risk areas accounted for 34.97%, 51.19% and 42.25% in subcompartment, village and township scales, respectively.【Conclusion】The high occurrence hazard subcompartments were mainly in Poplar, Robinia pseudoacacia and Willow plantations. The high spread hazard subcompartments were mainly in Quercus mongolica natural forest, Pinus tabuliformis plantations and Platycladus orientalis plantations. The medium-high spread risk (forest resource) subcompartments were mainly in Pinus tabuliformis and Larch plantations. The medium spread risk (population) areas were mainly distributed in four eastern mountainous towns (Zhenzhuquan Township, Qianjiadian Town, Liubinbao Township and Sihai Town). © 2023 Chinese Society of Forestry. All rights reserved.
