A Review of Soil Injection of Liquid Organic Wastes: Potentials and Challenges

The goal of this review was to disseminate information on current technological advancements and strategic initiatives integrating liquid organic wastes (LOWs) in the soil. A systematic literature review methodology was used to carry out this research. We reviewed 200 papers published between 2000 and 2020. We limited our search to high-ranking journals (Scopus), excluding articles from lower-ranking journals. Only English-language papers were covered. The review discusses the different types of LOWs, along with their physiochemical characteristics, composition and benefits, as well as their applications and contribution to achieve Sustainable Development Goals. Odor production, pathogens, heavy metals, synthetic pollutants, and varying LOW compositions are all major constraints. To optimize LOW injection, precautions and appropriate management methods are highlighted. The use of a variety of equipment and injection procedures in the application of environmentally friendly LOWs is acknowledged. The review also addresses the knowledge gap by highlighting the benefits, drawbacks, opportunities, and risks associated with LOWs soil injection. Future challenges that will aid in the promotion of LOW soil injection are identified. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.