Exploring transitions to a hydrogen economy: Quantitative insights from an expert survey

This study examines perspectives on the transition to a hydrogen economy, incorporating views from 65 experts across 22 countries. The results are categorized based on the experts' experience levels, the net energy import or export status of their respective countries, and by contrasting perspectives from both past and present. Amid intensified efforts to combat climate change, nations are shifting towards carbon neutrality, rekindling interest in a hydrogen-based energy system. Despite past waves of interest in hydrogen that have not seemingly produced progress, experts anticipate a significant future role for hydrogen, spurred by strategic initiatives and technological progress. They expect the emergence of a hydrogen trade landscape, akin to the fossil fuel market, with countries acting as exporters, importers, or transit hubs. In the short term, experts are divided on the preferred hydrogen method. However, in the middle and long term, there is a clear consensus among experts that the transition should move towards green hydrogen. Furthermore, recognizing that the shift towards a hydrogen economy requires a multi-dimensional approach, policymakers must adeptly balance technological, economic, political, environmental, and social factors to overcome persistent barriers and fully capitalize on hydrogen's unique potential.