Neodymium isotope composition and rare earth element distribution of East Antarctic continental shelf and deep waters

Circumpolar Deep Water (CDW) and Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) play key roles in the Earth's climate system. Both water masses form critical components of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current and Meridional Overturning Circulation and therefore directly influence the large-scale redistribution of heat, nutrients and carbon. Reconstruction of past CDW transport and AABW production and export has been a key target in palaeoceanography. One promising proxy to achieve this has been the neodymium (Nd) isotope composition of seawater. The biogeochemical processes controlling Nd in the ocean, however, remain underconstrained, and modern observations of Nd isotopes in the Southern Ocean are still geographically limited. To overcome this limitation, 61 seawater samples were collected for Nd isotope and rare earth element (REE) analysis at nine stations along the Wilkes Land continental margin and in the Australian-Antarctic Basin (65 degrees S 125 degrees E) near East Antarctica. The results show that the different water masses have the following Nd isotope characteristics: Antarctic Surface Water (AASW), e Nd = -9.0 +/- 1.0 (2SD; n = 22); Modified CDW (MCDW), e Nd = -8.8 +/- 0.8 (2SD; n = 22); AABW, e Nd = -8.3 +/- 0.5 (2SD; n = 17). There is no evidence of continental REE inputs to surface waters on the Wilkes Land margin. Observed zonal variability of Nd isotope composition in AASW can be attributed to seasonal competition between the poleward flow of warm AASW from the AAG and the westward export of cold surface shelf waters by the Antarctic Slope Current. In terms of deep and bottom waters, mixing of upwelled CDW with AASW and AABW exclusively controls the Nd isotope composition of MCDW, with no indication of boundary processes modifying the Nd isotope composition of MCDW as it encroaches the shelf or slope. The regional Nd isotope signature for AABW is intermediate between published data for the Atlantic sector AABW (e Nd = -9.1 +/- 0.7) and Pacific sector AABW (e Nd = -7.4 +/- 0.9). In the absence of active convection, this Nd isotope signature can be explained by a mixture of advected AABW from the Ade <acute accent>lie Land coast with a more dominant component of local MCDW and CDW. The data presented in this study constitute the first Nd isotope data set in this part of the Southern Ocean and suggest conservative behaviour of Nd in proximity to the old East Antarctic continent.