In-vitro, in-vivo and in-silico exploration of different extracts of Justica adhatoda against Newcastle viral disease

Justicia adhatoda (family Acanthaceae) is an indigenous plant of Soan Skesar Valley with copious biological perspectives. In the present study, four methanolic, acetonic, chloroform & n-hexane extracts of J. adhatoda were checked for in vitro biological potentials by phytochemical profiling, bioactive contents, HPLC analysis, and antioxidant assays. Results showed that the plant exhibited a maximum TPC of 41.6 +/- 0.4 mg. GA.E/g and TFC as 52.3 +/- 0.3 m.g QE/g by methanolic extract, which may show the elevated antioxidant potential of that extract. Through DPPH (2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) assay, Ferric ion reducing antioxidant power assay (FRAP), Hydroxyl (OH) radical scavenging, and Nitric oxide (NO) radical tests for scavenging, the J. adhatoda studies showed that all extracts contain antioxidant capacity. It also demonstrated the stronger antiradical property in the outline of methanolic > acetonic > chloroform > n-hexane. The plant's efficacy against Newcastle viral disease was tested by in ovo in SPF- SPF-embryonated chicken eggs. This indicates that 400 mu g/mL of methanolic extract showed a high survival rate with 0 % mortality. Further, in silico studies showed the binding interactions between receptor protein and phytoactive components of plants which provide the way for pharmacological and drug-likeness activities for future studies. The present studies highlighted that all extracts especially methanolic extract of J. adhatoda exhibited the best phytochemical profile, active phyto-contents, antioxidant, and antiviral properties that can be supplementary explored for new drug advancement.