Review on convective and radiation heat transfer between bridges and external environments

The heat exchange between bridges and external environments is the primary cause of the temperature effect on bridges. The complexity of the two-phase (gas-solid) heat transfer mechanism, the diversity of the surface characteristics of bridge materials, and the uncertainties of the environment in which bridges are located make the numerical calculation of the heat exchange between bridges and external environments difficult. Several studies have been conducted by scholars around the world. In this work, the research on convective and radiative heat exchange between bridges and external environments is surveyed, analyzed, and summarized. The influencing factors and calculation methods of bridge temperature are examined, and the convective heat transfer and radiation mechanisms, theoretical calculations, and experimental measurement methods used to investigate the relation between bridges and external environments are summarized and analyzed. The value determination methods for convective heat transfer and radiation absorption coefficients in the calculation of the bridge temperature field are summarized. In addition, the problems and shortcomings of current research are evaluated, and future research directions are identified and discussed.