A hazard-based duration model for analyzing crossing risk exposure time of electric two-wheeler riders at signalized intersections

Electric two-wheeler riders' invasion behavior is a violation and a significant contributor to traffic safety concerns. Invasion duration, an essential parameter in invasion behavior, measures the travel time of an ETW rider in a motorized lane and represents the rider's risk exposure time. This paper endeavors to elucidate the characteristics of invasion behavior and model invasion duration. Using trajectory data, it addresses questions about the length, degree, duration, and two phases of invasion behavior. The hazard-based duration model is employed to fit the duration and analyze the factors influencing it. The results indicate that characteristics exhibit mean values of 3.23 s for duration, 8.313 m for length, and 0.629 m for degree. The log-logistic Accelerated Failure Time (AFT) model exhibits better performance for fitting invasion duration than the Weibull and the Log-normal AFT models. The findings of this paper can provide a reference for enhancing traffic safety and efficiency.