Eigen-function division multiplexed coherent optical transmission in time domain by using higher-order Hermite-Gaussian pulses

We describe a new multiplexing technique and its application to demultiplexing in the time domain by using higher -order Hermite-Gaussian (HG) pulses, which are solutions of the Schrodinger equation. We call this technique eigen-function division multiplexing (EDM). This method enables us to further increase the total transmission capacity by superimposing many different HG pulses in the same time slot. This technique is different from a conventional optical time domain multiplexing (OTDM) technique using interleaving, where one pulse exists only in one time slot. The transmitted EDM HG pulses can be demultiplexed by adopting the time -domain orthogonality of the HG pulses (eigen-function orthogonality). The information carried by the mth-order HG pulse (HGm pulse) can be coherently detected by a photo detector, where photo -mixing with a phase -locked HGm pulse generated by a local oscillator can realize demultiplexing. The overlap integral with a different HG pulse becomes zero due to the time domain orthogonality. First, we show numerically that such a new EDM transmission scheme in the time domain is possible. We then show experimentally that we could successfully carry out an EDM HG coherent pulse transmission with four different HG pulses (HG0, HG1, HG2, and HG3), where we report a 400 similar to 480 Gbit/s (10 Gbaud x 4 eigen-functions x 2 pol-mux.) 32 similar to 64 QAM EDM transmission over 300 similar to 450 km.