Aiming at the limitation that the on-line monitoring method of rotating bladed disk can only obtain limited measuring point information, a virtual sensing technology framework of the global vibration state of rotating bladed disk based on the digital twin is proposed. Firstly, the functions and logical relationships of each module in the technical system are introduced from the physical space and digital space by using the digital twin theory, and the technical route to realize the full-field sensing of the rotating bladed disk is described. Secondly, the key technologies and implementation methods of twin model construction, non-contact vibration test, update of twin model, virtual sensing and visual module development are described in detail. Finally, a global vibration state virtual sensing system of rotating bladed disk is constructed, and the key technologies are theoretically analyzed and verified, and the global state sensing of the dynamic response field is realized. This method can obtain more comprehensive vibration information of bladed disk on the basis of existing testing methods, which provides a new theoretical framework for on-line monitoring of rotating bladed disks, and provides effective data support for fatigue analysis and reliability prediction of bladed disks. © 2023 Editorial Office of Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering. All rights reserved.