Synthesis of protein-based catalyst for multi-industrial applications by using agriculture and industrial waste

Agricultural waste and trash are a universal issue which requires extensive working to reduce the impact. Improper management of agricultural waste can lead to serious environmental problems such as soil contamination, water pollution and air pollution. Lipases (protein-based catalyst) were produced with industrial and agriculture by products through solid-state fermentation. Among indigenously isolated strains, procured from Mycology and biotechnology research laboratory, Aspergillus niger (MBL-14) exhibited the highest lipase production, i.e., 7.5 +/- 0.63a U/ mL. Various cultural conditions were optimized for maximum production of extracellular lipases. Among various basal substrates, rice bran supported the highest yield of 8.67 +/- 0.29a U/mL, ammonium nitrate 6.1 +/- 0.95a U/ mL, with the use of sodium chloride 6.1 +/- 0.95a U/mL, sucrose 8.0 +/- 0.87aU/ mL, the beef extract 9.1 +/- 0.84a U/ mL. Maximum extracellular lipases production (9.3 +/- 0.55a U/ mL) was achieved through fermentation optimization over a 48-h period, and an increased lipases output (9.6 +/- 0.34aU/mL) was obtained at a moistening agent's pH level of 8. Incorporation of oil additives revealed that coconut oil yielded the maximum production (11.0 +/- 0.91aU/ mL). Finally, the enzyme was subjected to characterization, at pH 9 after a 1-h incubation period, the enzyme activity was highest, and enzyme was stable. After 40 degrees C (10.6 +/- 0.88aU/mL), the enzyme activity starts decreasing and reaches its lowest at 70 degrees C. When exposed to the cadmium chloride, the crude enzyme exhibited the highest lipase production (10.1 +/- 0.76a U/mL and 10.72 +/- 0.85a U/mL) before and after a 1 h of incubation, respectively.