Two-stage response model of bus station considering response degree feedback and day-night charging distribution

The connection of large-scale electric bus charging load to the power grid leads to the increase of peak load and the decrease of power grid’s safety and economy. Therefore，a two-stage charging response model considering the response degree feedback and day-night charging distribution is proposed. A two-stage charging load model of electric buses is established，the control periods are determined based on the scheduling model of electric buses，and the charging state of each control period is taken as the control variable. The concept of travel margin coefficient is proposed，and the charging demand of electric buses is allocated between night and day to realize two-stage charging. The segmental incentive settlement mechanism of peak load shifting response based on the response degree is formulated. According to the response coefficient，the response is divided into under-response，effective response and over-response，and the bus station is guided to realize effective response through penalty coefficient and saturation coefficient. On this basis，the night-day two-stage charging response model is established，and the net expenditure per unit power is used as an index to maximize the bus station’s benefit. Based on particle swarm optimization algorithm，the optimization strategy with constraints is given by defining the constraint deviation degree function. Simulative results show that the proposed strategy can reliably complete the response task，the net expenditure per unit power of electric bus decreases significantly，and the response economic burden of the power grid is lighter than that of the fixed incentive method. © 2022 Electric Power Automation Equipment Press. All rights reserved.