Framingham risk scores for determination the 10-year risk of cardiovascular disease in participants with and without the metabolic syndrome: results of the Fasa Persian cohort study

Background Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of risk factors and the Framingham risk score (FRS) is a useful metric for measuring the 10-year cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk of the population. The present study aimed to determine the 10-year risk of cardiovascular disease using the Framingham risk score in people with and without MetS in a large Iranian cohort study. Methods This cross-sectional study was done using the Fasa cohort. Participants aged >= 35 years old were recruited to the study from 2015 to 2016. The FRS was calculated using age, sex, current smoking, diabetes, systolic blood pressure (SBP), total cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. MetS was defined as the presence of three or more of the MetS risk factors including triglyceride (TG) level >= 150 mg dl(- 1), HDL level < 40 mg dl(- 1) in men and < 50 mg dl(- 1) in women, systolic/diastolic blood pressure >= 130/>= 85 mmHg or using medicine for hypertension, fasting blood sugar (FBS) level >= 100 mg dl(- 1) or using diabetes medication and abdominal obesity considered as waist circumference (WC) >= 88 cm for women and >= 102 cm for men. Multiple logistic regressions were applied to estimate the 10- year CVD risk among people with and without MetS. Results Of 8949 participants, 1928 people (21.6%) had MetS. The mean age of the participants with and without Mets was 50.4 +/- 9.2 years and 46.9 +/- 9.1 years respectively. In total 15.3% of participants with MetS and 8.0% of participants without MetS were in the high-risk category of 10-year CVD risk. Among participants with MetS gender, TG, SBP, FBS and in people without MetS gender, TG, SBP, FBS, and HDL showed strong associations with the predicted 10-year CVD risk. Conclusion Male sex and increased SBP, TG, and FBS parameters were strongly associated with increased 10-year risk of CVD in people with and without MetS. In people without MetS, reduced HDL-cholestrol was strongly associated with increased 10-year risk of CVD. The recognition of participant's TG, blood pressure (BP), FBS and planning appropriate lifestyle interventions related to these characteristics is an important step towards prevention of CVD.