Nanotechnology Interventions for Sustainable Plant Nutrition and Biosensing

The application of nanotechnology in agriculture is driven by the pressing need to meet the increasing global demand for food production. Nanoparticles, owing to their incredibly small size, bridge the gap between macroscopic materials and atomic or molecular structures, making them ideal for various agricultural applications. They have the potential to revolutionize conventional farming practices by optimizing nutrient utilization, resource management, and environmental sustainability. The impact of nanotechnology on agriculture spans a wide range of areas, including nutrient delivery, pest management, soil fertility improvement, precision farming, water management, post-harvest preservation, environmental sustainability, smart delivery systems, genetic modification, and nanofertilizers (NFs). NFs, in particular, have garnered attention for their ability to improve nutrient delivery and enhance crop development, while minimizing environmental harm and reducing costs compared to traditional fertilizers. These nano-sized nutrients significantly enhance nutrient bioavailability to plants, ultimately promoting crop growth and yield. However, the application of nanomaterials in agriculture also raises concerns regarding their potential impact on soil microbial diversity, which plays a crucial role in maintaining soil health. In addition to NFs, this article discusses the role of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in agriculture. CNTs possess unique properties that can improve plant growth, root development, and resistance to salinity and disease. Furthermore, the article also deals with nanobiosensors and their application in precision agriculture. Moreover, this article addresses the importance of considering the toxicity, biosafety, and regulatory aspects when implementing nanotechnology in agriculture to maximize its potential benefits while safeguarding natural and environmental resources.