Combining use of natural ventilation, external shading, cool roof and thermal mass to improve indoor thermal environment: Field measurements and simulation study

Thermal mass, natural ventilation, external shading and cool roof are commonly regarded as passive cooling measures. Combined use of these passive cooling measures could achieve a more comfortable indoor environment, and further reduce the building energy demand. The aim of this paper was to assess the short and long-term performances of individual and combination passive measures in a cooling -dominated region of China experimentally and numerically. The field measurement revealed that natural ventilation, external shading and cool roof can reduce the internal wall and indoor air temperatures. The mean air temperatures in the test chamber were 1.3, 2.0, and 1.1 degrees C lower than that in reference chamber. The combined use of natural ventilation, external shading and cool roof can maintain the daily indoor air temperature within the range of 26.2 and 28.1 degrees C. The mean air temperature in the test chamber was reduced by 2.8 degrees C. Long-term simulation results confirmed that applying combination mode of natural ventilation, cool roof and external shading, the indoor temperature, varying from 21.9 to 28.1 degrees C, is greatly improved compared with the case operated natural ventilation only, particularly during peak temperature hours. The effect of specific heat capacity on indoor air temperature is complex. Increasing the specific heat is not always beneficial to indoor thermal environment. Further, the greater the heat transfer coefficient leads to the higher indoor air temperature through entire summer. The maximum indoor air temperature is reduced by 2.6 degrees C when the heat transfer coefficient changes from 1.0 to 0.1 W/m2 center dot K.