The analysis of intercultural aspects of Julius Langbehns Rembrandt as Educator (Rembrandt als Erzieher) shows, how intracultural changes in the context of the modernization process are projected on an intercultural level in order to defend traditional identity constructions. This strategy of defense is also following imperialistic principles. Compared with modes of reaction on today's globalization process, there are some decisive parallels, so that it seems indispensable to subsume failures of the intercultural dialogue and strategies of exclusion observable in Langbehn's text under the research paradigm of interculturalism which up to now has largely been oriented towards the present.