A Study on the Visualization Practice in Silla's Esoteric Buddhism

Esoteric Buddhism was flourished especially where Mahayana Buddhism were pervaded, and played an important role persuading the natives to understand Buddhism as a religion of miraculous efficiency. In the 8th century a development of Esoteric Buddhism in China introduced a new trend of Buddhist Rites emphasizing the practice of Mantra for ultimate enlightenment, which trend influenced the preexisted Esoteric Buddhism of Korean Peninsula that was limited to pray for accomplishing desires of mundane world. Bulgasaui was a monk of Yeongmyo-temple who studied abroad to China for reserching consolidated Esoteric Buddhism of profound philosophy. His Commentary of Mahavairocana Sutra Rituals shows his specific idea which could replaced the traditional practices of with newly introduced practice of visualization techniques in Mahavairocana Sutra, like 'Letter A Visualization,' 'Five Letter ornament Visualization,' 'Garbha Mandala Visualization' and Esoteric Buddhism.