Serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels as an Indicator of Bone Mineral Density in Osteoporosis

Introduction: Osteoporosis is a silent disease; the complications of disease are, an increased risk of fractures resulting in major health and economic impact. The 25-hydroxy vitamin D {25(OH) vitamin D} deficiency linked with osteoporosis and has been related to the low Bone Mineral Density (BMD). Aim: The aim was to evaluate the 25(OH) vitamin D status and BMD in osteoporosis and to compare the status of vitamin D and BMD in osteoporosis group with normal control and osteopenia group. Materials and Methods: A total of 90 subjects in the age group between 30 to 90 years of both sexes were included in the study. They were grouped into three, based on DEXA T-score of BMD as Group I -Normal bone mass, Group II-Osteopenia and Group III-Osteoporosis. The anthropometric data were measured and biochemical parameters were analysed for calcium, phosphorus and 25 (OH) vitamin D. One-way ANOVA was used for statistical interpretation. Results: Statistical significant difference was observed in BMD at neck of femur (p<0.001), BMD at lumbar spine (p<0.001), 25(OH) vitamin D (p=0.009) and calcium (p=0.003) when compared between the three groups. In this study the 25(OH) vitamin D deficiency was higher in osteoporosis 19(63.3%) and the insufficiency was higher in osteopenia 13(43.3%) compared with other groups. Conclusion: Decreased BMD performs a central role in the development of osteoporosis. The 25 (OH) vitamin D deficiencies may suggest the interrelation between bone remodeling disturbances in osteoporosis. The study shows that the 25(OH) vitamin D concentrations indicate the bone mineral status and thus the extent of the disease.