SOLID-STATE EFFECTS AND ATOMIC-LIKE EFFECTS ON SHALLOW INNER-SHELL-ELECTRON ENERGY-LOSS SPECTRA OF A CATION-P OR D-HOLE IN SULFIDES

Inner-shell-electron energy-loss spectroscopy studies have been done for the systems in which a shallow p or d core hole exists in the final state of a cation. Optically allowed and forbidden transitions have been distinguished from spectral variations due to the breakdown of dipole selection rules. The Ti and V M2,3 spectra and the Zr, Nb, and MO M4,5 spectra in layered transition-metal disulfides and related misfit-layer compounds are well explained in terms of the energy-band structures. The overall structures of the Pb and Bi O4,5 spectra are understood within the atomic model containing j-j coupling. The Sn N4,5 spectra in SnS and SnS2 are intermediate between them. A reasonable explanation is given by both the atomic model and the band-structure model.