Curriculum Implementation Implies the Meanings of the Dissemination and Innovation: The Viewpoint of Curriculum History

The aim of this study was to analyze previous literature on academics for integrating the model and process of innovative curriculum implementation (ICI). The findings yielded the following conclusions: (1) The academic term ICI was derived on the basis of curriculum dissemination and related factors and originated from a failure in curriculum innovation in the United States during the 1960s. The academic error committed by Fullan caused the integration of diffusion and institutionalism as a combined theory. (2) The concept of ICI was revised from fidelity to mutual adaptation. Moreover, the concept does not emphasize the goal and structure of ICI but combines innovation with culture to enable interpersonal diffusion and institutionalization. (3) The model of ICI differs from the top-down and bottom-up approaches, all of which were developed on the basis of assumptions.