Gavroche and the Great War: Soldier Gouaille and the Legend of the Poilu

This article describes the use of soldier 'gouaille' or 'cocky humour' in the construction of a consensual typology of the French infantry soldier (poilu) of the First World War. Drawing on a variety of nineteenth-century literary models, including that of the gamin de Paris, Great War novelists depicted the poilu as a clever, resourceful, Parisian working-class grumbler and joker. In so doing, they created a model of soldier heroism and of republican patriotism that would have a wide national appeal and that would inform representations of the soldier throughout the twentieth century.