CLOSED SYSTEMS;
EFFLUENT TREATMENT;
WATER CONSERVATION;
MEMBRANES;
CRYSTALLIZATION;
EVAPORATION;
CONCENTRATING;
D O I:
暂无
中图分类号:
TB3 [工程材料学];
TS [轻工业、手工业、生活服务业];
学科分类号:
0805 ;
080502 ;
0822 ;
摘要:
The option to implement closed cycle technology and achieve zero effluent discharge is becoming increasingly attractive for many pulp and paper mills. This paper reviews proposed and/or proven closed cycle treatments based on membrane, freeze crystallization, and evaporation technologies. It is concluded that these treatment processes have prohibitively-high capital and operating costs, when compared to conventional effluent treatment for discharge. New closed cycle technology processes must be developed which are economically justifiable at existing newsprint mills.