Benefits of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is commonly associated with the clinical features of the metabolic syndrome including obesity, insulin resistance and dyslipidemia. NAFLD. Is of clinical relevance because its high prevalence (30% of the general population) and broad spectrum of histological damage, ranging from simple steatosis that is generally non progressive, to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis which can lead to cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and liver failure. At present, different factors have been identified that lead to this liver disease, highlighting the high content of free fatty acids and insulin resistance. In this regard, excess of free fatty acids caused by a high intake of saturated fatty acids, trans fatty acids and of carbohydrates as well the increased formation free radicals that stress the endoplasmic reticulum, can trigger liver lipotoxicity. Regarding fatty acids, n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LCPUFA) have been associated to many benefits for human health. n-3 LCPUFA, such as EPA and DHA, have protective roles in cardiovascular health and in the functionality and integrity of the central nervous system. Currently, the possible therapeutic uses of these fatty acids is expanding, attributing their positive effects not only for the treatment of cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, but also seeing it as an effective alternative in the management of NAFLD. The present review analyzes the potential use of n-3 LCPUFA in the treatment and protection of NAFLD.