Formulation And Characterization Of A Calcium Silicate/Calcium Phosphate Root End Filling Material; Part I: Synthesis And Physico-Mechanical Properties

Tricalcium-silicate and Tetracalcium-phosphate were prepared from ultra-pure chemical compounds via solid-state reaction at 1450 degrees C and 1500 degrees C respectively in an attempt to formulate a root end filling cement. Materials were investigated by X-ray diffraction and Transmission-electron microscope. The formulated cement comprises 60 wt% Tricalcium-silicate, 20 wt% Tetracalcium-phosphate and 20 wt% Bisthmus oxide. Setting-time, micro-hardness, dimensional-stability, calcium ion release, and radiopacity were examined. The desired setting time was adjusted using mixing liquids of different Calcium Chloride concentrations. The cement expanded by 0.17%. Regarding radiopacity, the formulated cement had significantly higher values than MTA. The material continuously released Calcium ions throughout the testing period. MTA showed significantly higher microhardness than the experimental cement at 7 days. Finally, the prepared composite showed good physical and mechanical properties. Further leakage, adaptation and biocompatibility studies will be conducted in part II.