What do undergraduates study in heterodox economics programs? An examination of the curricula structure at 36 self-identified programs

Purpose - This paper aims to review the undergraduate curricular structure of 36 self-identified heterodox economic programs in the USA, Australia, UK and Canada. Design/methodology/approach - The author gathers, summarizes, compares and contrasts the structure of 36 undergraduate heterodox departments. Departments are classified into traditional, plausibly pluralistic, and demonstrably heterodox programs. Specific examples illustrate each classification. Findings - With notable exceptions described here, most heterodox economics programs are structured as traditional mainstream departments with a few pluralist or political economy electives available. However, 20 departments exist that require at least one heterodox course; eight require two or more. Practical implications - A few programs have created imitable curricular structures that one would expect to significantly influence the depth and breadth of heterodox perspectives presented in the undergraduate economics major. Originality/value - This is the first published analysis of undergraduate heterodox economics curricula. It highlights the creative structures characterizing some of the English-speaking world's best programs and demonstrates that the curricula in most programs lack required courses in heterodox economics. The paper also provides examples of intentionally heterodox programs that may serve as models for others to emulate.