Childhood adversity and psychosis: A literature review with clinical and societal implications

There is a substantial body of research indicating an association between childhood adversity and later psychosis. Cross-sectional, correlational studies have given way to large-scale, case-controlled studies which indicate a dose-response association indicative of a causal relationship. Several psychological and biological models have been proposed which offer credible accounts of the processes by which trauma may increase the risk of psychosis, including cognitive, psychodynamic, dissociation and attachment perspectives. Clinically it is imperative routinely to enquire about traumatic experiences, to respond appropriately and to offer psychosocial treatments to those who report traumatic life events in the context of psychotic experiences.