OCULAR MANIFESTATIONS OF IMMUNOLOGICAL AND RHEUMATOLOGIC INFLAMMATORY DISORDERS

New manifestations of immunologically mediated ocular disease continue to be recognized while knowledge of the mechanisms involved gradually expands. Optic atrophy associated with antiphospholipid antibodies has been described. Ocular manifestations of linear scleroderma, including levator and extraocular muscle atrophy, have been recognized, as has orbital fat atrophy in systemic scleroderma. The role of eosinophil degranulation in histiocystosis X, orbital pseudotumor, and Wegener's granulomatosis has been investigated. Further characterization of immunopathologic conjunctival changes in ocular cicatricial pemphigoid and Sjogren's syndrome clarifies our understanding of these disorders. Unusual manifestations of rheumatoid arthritis, systemic light chain deposition disease, and Raynaud's disease have been noted, and new developments in Behcet's disease and Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome have been reported.