HIERARCHICAL PROCESSES IN BIOLOGICAL-SYSTEMS

Living organisms are highly improbable arrangements of matter, so improbable that there has not been time enough, since Earth creation, for them to evolve. The calculation on which this argument is based does not take account of the hierarchic arrangement in the living organisms. One of the properties that distiguish complex from simple systems is hierarchy. Biological organisms are characterized by numerous forms of coordinations which appear on the different level of organization. The higher degree of coordination which characterizes living systems implies that the dynamicall laws of motion which describe the behaviour ofsystems, become not independent of the initial and boundary conditions. The behaviour results constrained by functions endogenously generated by the system, physically realized in the system. The effects of the interactions are described by considering the effects of the sinergy between at least three levels or classes of a hierarchically organized system. This system can be synthetized in a concrete equation which expresses the simultaneous impingement of initiating and boundary conditions on the focal level process. We are looking for copling terms between the different levels of organization which will permit to study the influences of one level of organization on another level by measuring the interactions.