Confirmatory Tetrad Analysis in SAS

Bollen and Ting (1993) proposed confirmatory tetrad analysis (CTA) as a method for testing structural equation models. CTA holds promise as a complementary method to the conventional model testing methodology. It applies to some underidentified models and nonnested models that cannot be tested in the conventional approach, and it is a noniterative estimator that does not have nonconvergence problems. This article illustrates an SAS macro, named CTA-SAS, that implements the CTA testing methodology. Essential elements of the test and the syntax of the program are discussed, and an example is used to illustrate the application of the program.