Exposure to flame retardants in European children - Results from the HBM4EU aligned studies

被引:0
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作者
van der Schyff, Veronica [1 ]
Kalina, Jiri [1 ]
Govarts, Eva [2 ]
Gilles, Liese [2 ]
Schoeters, Greet [2 ,3 ]
Castano, Argelia [4 ]
Esteban-Lopez, Marta [4 ]
Kohoutek, Jiri [1 ]
Kukucka, Petr [1 ]
Covaci, Adrian [5 ]
Koppen, Gudrun [2 ]
Andryskova, Lenka [1 ]
Piler, Pavel [1 ]
Klanova, Jana [1 ]
Jensen, Tina Kold [6 ]
Rambaud, Loic [7 ]
Riou, Margaux [7 ]
Lamoree, Marja [8 ]
Kolossa-Gehring, Marike [9 ]
Vogel, Nina [9 ]
Weber, Till [9 ]
Goeen, Thomas [10 ]
Gabriel, Catherine [11 ,12 ]
Sarigiannis, Dimosthenis A. [11 ,12 ,13 ]
Sakhi, Amrit Kaur [14 ]
Haug, Line Smastuen [14 ]
Murinova, Lubica Palkovicova [15 ]
Fabelova, Lucia [15 ]
Tratnik, Janja Snoj [16 ]
Mazej, Darja [16 ]
Melymuk, Lisa [1 ]
机构
[1] Masaryk Univ, Fac Sci, RECETOX, Kotlarska 2, Brno, Czech Republic
[2] Flemish Inst Technol Res VITO, VITO Hlth, B-2400 Mol, Belgium
[3] Univ Antwerp, Dept Biomed Sci, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
[4] Inst Salud Carlos III, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Madrid, Spain
[5] Univ Antwerp, Toxicol Ctr, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium
[6] Univ Southern Denmark, Inst Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Med, DK-5000 Odense, Denmark
[7] French Publ Hlth Agcy ANSP, Sante Publ France, F-94415 St Maurice, France
[8] Vrije Univ, Amsterdam Inst Life & Environm, Sect Chem Environm & Hlth, Boelelaan 1108, NL-1081 HZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
[9] German Environm Agcy UBA, D-06844 Dessau Rosslau, Germany
[10] IPASUM Inst & Outpatient Clin Occupat Social & Env, Henkestr 9-11, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
[11] Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Dept Chem Engn, Environm Engn Lab, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
[12] HERACLES Res Ctr Exposome & Hlth, Ctr Interdisciplinary Res & Innovat, Balkan Ctr, Bldg B,10th km Thessaloniki Thermi Rd, Thessaloniki 57001, Greece
[13] Inst Adv Study, Environm Hlth Engn, Piazza Vittoria 15, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
[14] Norwegian Inst Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Oslo, Norway
[15] Slovak Med Univ, Fac Publ Hlth, Bratislava 83303, Slovakia
[16] Jozef Stefan Inst, Dept Environm Sci, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
关键词
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers; Organophosphate flame retardants; Children; Europe; HBM4EU; Human biomonitoring;
D O I
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中图分类号
R1 [预防医学、卫生学];
学科分类号
1004 ; 120402 ;
摘要
Many legacy and emerging flame retardants (FRs) have adverse human and environmental health effects. This study reports legacy and emerging FRs in children from nine European countries from the HBM4EU aligned studies. Studies from Belgium, Czech Republic, Germany, Denmark, France, Greece, Slovenia, Slovakia, and Norway conducted between 2014 and 2021 provided data on FRs in blood and urine from 2136 children. All samples were collected and analyzed in alignment with the HBM4EU protocols. Ten halogenated FRs were quantified in blood, and four organophosphate flame retardants (OPFR) metabolites quantified in urine. Hex-abromocyclododecane (HBCDD) and decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE) were infrequently detected (<16% of samples). BDE-47 was quantified in blood from Greece, France, and Norway, with France (0.36 ng/g lipid) having the highest concentrations. BDE-153 and-209 were detected in <40% of samples. Dechlorane Plus (DP) was quantified in blood from four countries, with notably high median concentrations of 16 ng/g lipid in Slovenian children. OPFR metabolites had a higher detection frequency than other halogenated FRs. Diphenyl phosphate (DPHP) was quantified in 99% of samples across 8 countries at levels similar to 5 times higher than other OPFR metabolites (highest median in Slovenia of 2.43 ng/g lipid). FR concentrations were associated with lifestyle factors such as cleaning frequency, employment status of the father of the household, and renovation status of the house, among others. The concentrations of BDE-47 in children from this study were similar to or lower than FRs found in adult matrices in previous studies, suggesting lower recent exposure and effectiveness of PBDE restrictions.
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