This paper presents the psychological ideas of Bergson in the context of the constitution and crisis of psychology during the end of 19th century and the first decades of the 20th. Bergson's situation is influenced by spiritualism and evolutionism, associationist empirism and rationalist intelectualism. The bases of his psychological conception are established in two books: Essai sur les donnees immediates de la conscience (1889) and Matiere et memoire (1896). Although Bergson's influence was much diminished later, it was very important in his time. His personal and intellectual relationship with William James was close. But his influence was important especially within the French speaking psychological world. It can be observed, for example, in Janet's ideas of "psychological tension" and "inconscious", and in the genesis of Piaget's constructivist structuralism. After some decades of a certain lack of interest, attention is again being paid to Bergson's psychological ideas. His conception of the brain as a "non representative" organ, oriented to the action (not easily to understand and not always well understood) is being reconsidered. The topic of mind-brain relations is being reassessed from the original approach proposed by Bergson, that implies a dualistic non dicotomic vision. Finally, certain potentialities enclosed in Bergson's ideas are being pointed out, particularly as to the dialogue between psychology and philosophy.
